Dr. Williams performed the first successful open heart surgery in 1893 and founded Provident Hospital and Training School for Nurses (the first black-owned hospital in America) in 1891. From 1893-1898, he was Surgeon-in-Chief of Freedmen's Hospital, Washington, DC. He also founded the National Medical Association in 1895 (Negroes were denied membership in the American Medical Association). As a charter member of the American College of Surgeons in 1913, he was the first and only Negro member for many years.
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